Health promotion Report Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Wellbeing advancement Report - Research Paper Example From the examination results, there was an expanded information on the hazard diseases related with smoking, benefits related and methods of stopping smoking along these lines the intercession end up being compelling. A wellbeing advancement intercession is a procedure that empowers people to build command over and improve their social insurance condition. It is a started technique that has a point of affecting, illuminating and helping the two associations and individuals to acknowledge duty and be increasingly dynamic in wellbeing matters that impact their physical and emotional wellness issues (Mills et al. 2007, 47). It involves training, political and monetary related projects that are intended to help social changes just as ecological changes in an exertion of improving the individual’s wellbeing status. It is significant for people to assume liability for their wellbeing, and a wellbeing advancing system upgrades this by moving individuals to change their individual ways of life in an exertion of alleviating the impacts of progress. It is likewise essential for people to save their psyches and hearts as physical wellbeing is as significant as emotional well-being to improve the devel opment of a solid populace that is better upgraded through training and refinement. A wellbeing advancement intercession is consequently essential to help in wellbeing advancement (Saunders et al. 2005, 139). An intercession program is an activity set that has a reasonable goal of bringing change, or it is planned for creating recognizable results. This involves approaches, single procedure tasks and projects. Wellbeing advancement mediations are planned for securing, advancing just as forestalling unfortunate living in networks and social orders (Warren, et, al 2011, 2). They contrast from the clinical intercessions that are planned for rewarding sickness on the not well influenced people. Nonetheless, before leading a wellbeing advancement program, it is basic to get the explanation concerning why people settle on choices that they do with respect to

Case Study -- Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Contextual investigation - Report - Essay Example The paper is legitimately applicable to the case in which the executives of worker relations and pledge to the association is the essence of all issues experienced at Ancol. (Wilde, 1985) The subsequent paper is â€Å"Fostering a domain of representative commitment to build responsibility and motivation† by Geoffrey C Lloyd. This paper utilizes a contextual investigation to transfer its point. It is considering British Gas Company which prevailing after they actualized their boss executive’s proposal. The paper underlines on different manners by which a domain of worker commitment can be developed in an association. It lays center around the significance of strengthening, accelerating of correspondence process among the board and representatives and offers guidance to organizations who are considering rebuilding their association. The paper is extremely applicable to Ancol. Indeed, even Ancol is battling with empowering work place profitability, controling absteeniesm a nd building up sound relations among the executives and representatives. The paper will offer knowledge into methods of improving things at Ancol and has a rich writing that will give more space for basic reasoning and investigation. (LIoyd, 1996) The third paper is â€Å"Work Structuring for worker motivation† by Lyndon Jones. ... This is a generally little yet significant paper that clarifies manners by which great solid connections can be encouraged in a work place condition; on the sort of human asset strategies that ought to be embraced. Examination: Sims had been as of late named as the administrator of the Sheparton plant of Ancol. This was a significant point in his vocation and he needed to sort things out at Ancol by utilizing his administration aptitude. When Sims entered Ancol, he understood that the administration and worker relations were seriously stressed inside the association. There were some significant tiffs among them and they were not eye to eye regarding the authoritative objectives. Henceforth, the focal point of all his center was improving ties between the administration and workers. In this offer to improve ties between the administration and the workers, he request the expulsion of time tickers from the plant. He felt that this signal will achieve another degree of believability and fortify relations between the representatives and the administration at the site. The effect of this move was not totally profitable. It proved to be productive at first however didn't have sweeping positive repercussions. The signal was acknowledged at first and many felt that was a positive exertion by the plant administrator. Be that as it may, the issues started springing up two months after the fact. Absteenism in the plant rose, profitability levels declined and different issues began rising. This issue must be handled. Sims attempted to tackle the issue by giving extra obligations to managers of taking care of emplolyee passage and leaving issues and talking about it with them. in any case, the directors had no related knowledge at this and didn't have the

SIPAS SDG Fellows Team are Geneva Challenge Finalists! COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

SIPA’S SDG Fellows Team are Geneva Challenge Finalists! COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Congrats to SIPAs SDG Fellows team (Alonso Flores MPA-EPD 19, Nigora Isamiddinova MPA-DP 19, Jessica Arnold MIA 19, Nitasha Nair MPA 19, and Ji Qi MPA-DP 19) who have advanced to the finals of the 2018 Geneva Challenge. Their project, DASH Data Analytics for Sustainable Herding, aims to map and analyze the changes in migration patterns, seasonality, and urban and agricultural development using data from satellites, mobile telecommunications, and GPS- enabled systems. It will create a blueprint for utilizing big data and applying machine learning and AI for better policy-making under deep uncertainty. Launched in 2014, the Advancing Development Goals International Students Contest, or more commonly known as the Geneva Challenge, is an international contest for graduate students that aims to find innovative and pragmatic solutions to a designated international development problem. Every year five finalist teams, one from each continent, is invited to an oral presentation in Geneva where they defend their solutions to a jury and the public. This year the subject is climate change. SIPA students have a history of partaking in the Geneva Challenge. Previously, a team of recent SIPA graduates (Olga Abilova MIA ’15, David Braha MIA ’15, Isabela Cunha MIA ’15, and Jessica Dalton, a master’s degree candidate at Columbia’s Institute for the Study of Human Rights) were selected as finalists for the 2015 Geneva Challenge on migration. Wish Alonso, Nigora, Jessica, Nitasha, and Ji luck as they defend their project on November 27!

Attention Deficient Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Essays

ADHD stands for Attention Deficient Hyperactivity Disorder. It is considered an intellectual disability. It causes a lack of focus, over activity, or lack of behavior control. It could be a combination of the three symptoms. ADHD is most commonly found in children, but it can also be portrayed in adults. Scientists are not sure what causes ADHD. Research has shown that genes, environmental, brain injuries, sugar, and food additives could all contribute to causing ADHD. Many scientists believe genetics is the key factor of ADHD. People with ADHD are born with a gene that makes the brain tissue associated with attention not as thick as a person who is born without this gene. Since you brain develops as you grow, the brain tissue thickens as†¦show more content†¦Talking is also a symptom. I have found that I talk way too much, but I also found that girls most commonly express their ADHD through talking. Boys are four times more likely to have ADHD than girls. This is most likely because girls mature faster than boys, boys are more prone to they hyper part of ADHD. Having ADHD can be very challenging. If something doesn’t interest you, then you’ll have no desire to do the task what so ever. There is only one cure for ADHD. Growing out of it. Meaning your brain develops, and the brain tissue that is thinner becomes thicker. Not everyone grows out of his or her ADHD though. Most people take medicine to control their ADHD. It does not cure it. Some of the most common ADHD medications are Ritalin, Vyvanse, and Adderall. Ritalin contains methylphenidate hydrochloride, Vyvanse contains lisdexamfetamine dimesylate, and Adderall contains amphetamine and dextroamphetamine. All of these medications are central nervous system stimulants. Some consider people with ADHD stupid and lazy. This is very untrue. Some of the most brilliant figures in history had ADHD, like Mozart, Abraham Lincoln, Benjamin Franklin, and plenty more. Although living with ADHD can be challenging, it is not impossible. Take Mozart for example, he is one of the greatest composers of all time. ADHD did not stop him from being brilliant, and he was most certainly not lazy. Lots of people with ADHD grow up to be doctors and lawyers and otherShow MoreRelatedCentral Nervous System Stimulant: Ritalin Essay1549 Words   |  7 Pages Ritalin is a brand name for methylphenidate. Ritalin is a mild central nervous system stimulant that doctors prescribe to treat several disorders. The most common use of Ritalin is for the treatment of Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Another known use of Ritalin is in the treatment of Narcolepsy. A doctor might also prescribe it to treat depression. Ritalin and other drugs in the stimulant class, work by increasing the neurotransmittersRead MoreEffects Of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder In Children1400 Words   |  6 PagesAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children Stephanie Santiago Lehigh Carbon Community College â€Æ' Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children Pathophysiology Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) refers to developmentally inappropriate degrees of inattention, impulsiveness, and hyperactivity (Hockenberry, Wilson, Rodgers, 2017). ADHD is commonly found in school-aged children. While some children have a problem within one of the three areas, there are others who haveRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder . Chance Dearman.1123 Words   |  5 PagesAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Chance Dearman Mississippi Gulf Coast Community College Introduction Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, also known as ADHD, is a neurobehavioral disorder that develops during childhood and can continue through adulthood. ADHD’s characteristics include inappropriate levels of inattention, impulsivity and motor overactivity. It appears to be the most common childhood behavior disorder today with an estimate of 3-7% of school-agedRead MoreAttention Deficient Hyperactive Disorder Essay1037 Words   |  5 PagesThere are thousands of children diagnosed with disorders daily. Some are easily seen and tested for others are not. The most exponentially growing disorder over the past five years is one that easily mistaken for normal child hood misbehaviors and the hardest to test for. Attention Deficient Hyperactive Disorder, or ADHD, is the most misused, over diagnosed. This is due to outdated information, under developed testing and high pressures placed on educators to meet to state scores for funding. TheRead MoreAdhd And Its Effects On Children1684 Words   |  7 Pages Ritalin has been over used for too many years when dealing with Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder cases or similar diagnosis that called for it. One of the major reasons that Ritalin isn’t prescribed as much anymore is because there have been several cases where it would cause more damage than good for the patients that were taking the medication. Another reason is that several parents that had children sensitive to the medication would not listen to their children until they had to act outRead More Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Essay1300 Words   |  6 Pages Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD), is the most common psychiatric disorder among children today. It’s symptoms are not necessarily obvious and start at various times. Some children give indication of having the disorder before they are born, others are not diagnosed with having it until their preteen years. ADHD overlaps with several other conditions, further confusing physicians and mental health professionals who attempt to provide a diagnosis. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;HyperactiveRead MoreAdhd And Its Effects On Children Essay1283 Words   |  6 Pageschildren took any prescription medication related to ADD, ADHD, or hyperactivity. There was an analysis investigating whether and to what extent minority children diagnosed with ADHD were taking medication for the disorder. I one particular study participants were asked to answer the questions with a â€Å"yes† or â€Å"no† response. According to the data parents answered that 650 of 780 children with an ADHD diagnosis use prescription medication for ADHD (Morgan, Staff, Hillemeier, Farkas, Maczuga, 2013). ResultsRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder ( Adhd ) Essay1355 Words   |  6 Pages Attention-deficit hyperactive disorder is a neuro-behavioral disorder typically seen in children. Over the past several years’ attention-deficit hyperactive disorder seems to be on the rise. Since 2011, eleven percent of children ranging from ages four to seventeen were diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactive disorder (Children with ADHD et. Al. 2016). Attention-deficit hyperactive disorder is a difficult disorder to diagnosis, but once the disorder is diagnosed there are ways to manageRead More Why Teachers Should Understand ADHD Essays2015 Words   |  9 PagesWhy Teachers Should Understand Attention Deficit Disorder/Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder What is Attention Deficit Disorder/Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder [ADD/ADHD]? Some feel it is a neurobiological disorder while others say it is a learning disorder. Ever since 1980 when the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders officially recognized ADD/ADHD as a behavior disorder, the definition has kept evolving and changing. But ADD/ADHD has been around a lot longer thanRead MoreResponse Inhibition Of Children With And Without Adhd After Traumatic Brain Injury942 Words   |  4 Pageswithout ADHD after traumatic brain injury. Journal of Neuropsychology, 7(1), 1-11. doi:10.1111/j.1748-6653.2012.02027.x Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and traumatic brain injury (TBI) share many of the same symptoms and in some cases, ADHD is even a consequence of TBI. This is known as secondary ADHD (S-ADHD). Likely due to impaired frontostriatal systems, we see a similarities in children with ADHD, S-ADHD, and TBI. Ornstein et. al. (2013) compared children with ADHD and those

Everyday vs. Every Day How to Choose the Right Word

The space between two words can make a big difference: Everyday doesnt mean the same thing as every day. Like anyone and any one or anytime and any time, these two terms sound exactly the same and are often confused, though one is strictly an adjective and the other is an adverbial phrase. How to Use Everyday The adjective everyday (written as one word) means routine, ordinary, or commonplace. Its frequently paired with the word occurrence to describe something mundane. The word often directly precedes the noun it modifies, such as when we say that something is an everyday activity or an everyday habit. How to Use Every Day Every day (written as two words) is an adverbial phrase—a group of words that functions as an adverb—that means each day or daily. Its used to refer to repeated actions or occurrences. Unlike the adjective everyday, every day usually follows the verb it modifies, such as when we say that we exercise every day or read the newspaper every day. Examples Though everyday and every day have related meanings, they are different parts of speech, and you can usually tell which one is appropriate to use by looking at the context. As an adjective, everyday is always used to modify nouns: When youre in low spirits, it can be challenging to do even small everyday chores.Robert wanted to buy a durable, lightweight jacket for everyday use. Every day, as an adverbial phrase, is always used to modify verbs: Every day I watch the evening news to find out about the weather.He has to suffer through a long commute every day. In the first example, every day modifies the verb watch; in the second, it modifies the verb suffer. How to Remember the Difference One way to make sure youre using every day correctly is to replace it with the phrase each day (or something even more specific such as every Monday). If you can do so, youve used the expression correctly: Every day I watch the evening news to find out about the weather.Each day I watch the evening news to find out about the weather. If you cant replace the word with each day, then you need to use everyday instead: Robert wanted to buy a durable, lightweight jacket for everyday use.Robert wanted to buy a durable, lightweight jacket for each day use. Each day is obviously incorrect; this example calls for an adjective to modify use. Another tip is to insert the adjective single between every and day. If you can do this and the sentence still makes sense, then the two-word every day is the appropriate phrase: Two words:  You have to do  your exercises every day.Single test:  You have to do  your exercises every single  day.Adjectival, one word:  You have  to do your everyday exercises.Incorrect change: You have to do your every single day exercises. Notice how the incorrect change doesnt make sense as it is written. After reading it, you want to rearrange the words in the correct order. Language expert Charles Harrington Elster, in his book The Accidents of Style, sums up the difference between every day and everyday quite succinctly: If something can be used every day, it is suitable for everyday use. Some chores must be done every day, which makes them everyday chores. Sources Carroll, William. The Untied Stats on American: And Other Computer Assisted Writing Errors. iUniverse, Inc., 2005, p. 39.Elster, Charles Harrington. The Accidents of Style: Good Advice on How Not to Write Badly. St. Martins Griffin, 2010, p. 13.

Self Assesment Report - 1026 Words

SELF ASSESSMENT REPORT NAME: MANISH KATARIA (P10556063) DATE: 15/11/10 TUTOR: NEIL SHERIFF TITLE: SELF ASSESSMENT REPORT MODULE: CORP 1520 BUSINESS COMMUNICATIONS AND CREATIVITY Executive Summary Benjamin Franklin once said, â€Å"By failing to prepare, you are preparing to fail†. The report explains the meaning of Personal Development planning and its importance in the life of a person. I explored my learning styles using activities done in tutorials. I came to know that I am a reflective learner. Contents List 1.Introduction 2.Self Assessment Analysis 3.Learning Styles 4.Personal†¦show more content†¦References list: INTERNET qaa.ac.uk [online]. (nd) [Accessed 11/11/2010]. Available from: . http://www.sqa.org.uk/files_ccc/Tutor_Guide_PDP.pdf http://www.vark-learn.com/english/page.asp?p=visual http://www.vark-learn.com/english/page.asp?p=aural http://www.vark-learn.com/english/page.asp?p=readwrite http://www.vark-learn.com/english/page.asp?p=kinestheticprint http://www.vark-learn.com/english/page.asp?p=questionnaire http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_development_planning http://www.palgrave.com/skills4study/pdp/about/index.asp BOOKS 1. Business Skills Handbook,London by ROY HORN (2009) Appendices 1 | | | | | | | | | | | |Level of confdence |Areas of confidence |Areas to be improved | |SKILL | | | | |Inormation Technology |Quite confident |Basic use of IT, Microsoft Word, Using |Microsoft powerpoint and excel, web |Show MoreRelatedThe Domestic Violence Act 1995 Essay1499 Words   |  6 Pagesexisting mental illness (Vilarino, Arce, Farina, 2013). 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In the famous play of Medea Essay Example For Students

In the famous play of Medea Essay In the famous play of Medea, Euripides creates an unconventional female protagonist who is more self-willed than many others in Greek mythology. This character could be represented as Medea, who could be described as a self motivated, self controlled, barbaric mannered woman, who relies more on revenge than her own honor and blood. She tends to reach the utmost barbaric state in order for her enemies to feel enough pain to relieve her disconcerted rage, this is proven to us when the nurse says that no one who makes an enemy with her, will carry off an easy victory. We also notice this when Medea speaks her first words of revenge on Jason, and she says If I could find a way to work revenge on Jason for his wrongs to me. This essay basically discusses the topic of characterizing Medea by using dialogue, narrative point of view, and the choruss perception. The dialogue in the plays a very important role in terms of characterizing Medeas inner character by what she says to Jason and to the other characters she speaks with. At the beginning of the play we notice how Medea begins to feel self pity for herself and yet is not satisfied with allowing Jason to walk out as the victor. She is determined to revenge herself by taking out those who are most close to him and therefore shreading apart his heart as well as his dreams. At first it begins with quotes of self pity like when she says Oh oh! What misery, what wretchedness! What shall I do? If only I were dead. Then the revenge plotting begins to take place when she first mentions about having her vengeance to the chorus, as mentioned in the introductory paragraph, and then in develops into a planning phase where she begins to take advantage of the time Creon provides her before her exile. Trials are yet to come for this new-wedded pair nor shall those nearest to them get off easily, this is said by Medea, in page immediately after her confrontation with Creaon. We notice here how her she tends to a have a somewhat barbaric cunning mind, where she carefully plans her ways of revenge and takes into consideration the consequences that may result of her actions. Another example of Medias speech in planning for the killing of what she calls her enemies is when she says I have in my mind so many paths of death for them. I dont know which to choose. Should I set fire to the house and burn the bridal chamber? Or creep up to their bed and drive a sharp knife through their guts? This also emphasizes of her barbaric thinking manner and fleshes out her character in that sort of way. We also are able to notice the extreme degree of her barbarity, when she intends to kill her own children just so Jasons heart could be crashed and she would by then get her full retribution. What is a matter with me? Are my enemies to laugh at me? Am I to let them off scot free? I must steel myself into it. Moving on to the narrative point of view, here we realize that narrative essentially describes the mood and the atmosphere Medea lies in during the play. Even though there is not much said by it, it still stands out as a part that fleshes Medeas character is a somewhat more undeviating and simple manner than anything else. At first the narrative describes Medeas state at the beginning and tends to emphasize on her grief. On page 20 this is proven when it is said that Medeas voice is heard from inside the house, here we notice the degree of her sorrow and how she tends to express it in a loud revealing approach. This is could also be related to barbarism, and her self pitiful character. We also notice a certain pattern in the way the narrative speaks about Medea. On page 23 Medea comes out. She is not shaken with weeping, but cool and self possessed, where on page 45 Again Medea breaks down and weeps. We notice how the pattern of her getting into calm phases and then returning to back to the weeping stage. This also continues further, on page 48 where Medea is silent and then after that we are told that She weeps on both pages 48 and 49. This could flesh her out as being an emotionally motivated character who is more like controlled by her emotions rather than her mind. .ua145a237a46bd304a9a97bdf61ae21a4 , .ua145a237a46bd304a9a97bdf61ae21a4 .postImageUrl , .ua145a237a46bd304a9a97bdf61ae21a4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua145a237a46bd304a9a97bdf61ae21a4 , .ua145a237a46bd304a9a97bdf61ae21a4:hover , .ua145a237a46bd304a9a97bdf61ae21a4:visited , .ua145a237a46bd304a9a97bdf61ae21a4:active { border:0!important; } .ua145a237a46bd304a9a97bdf61ae21a4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua145a237a46bd304a9a97bdf61ae21a4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua145a237a46bd304a9a97bdf61ae21a4:active , .ua145a237a46bd304a9a97bdf61ae21a4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua145a237a46bd304a9a97bdf61ae21a4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua145a237a46bd304a9a97bdf61ae21a4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua145a237a46bd304a9a97bdf61ae21a4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua145a237a46bd304a9a97bdf61ae21a4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua145a237a46bd304a9a97bdf61ae21a4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua145a237a46bd304a9a97bdf61ae21a4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua145a237a46bd304a9a97bdf61ae21a4 .ua145a237a46bd304a9a97bdf61ae21a4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua145a237a46bd304a9a97bdf61ae21a4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The concluding scene of Blood Brothers EssayNow we move on to the chorus, who also have one of the of most vital roles in the play. They tend to be the mouthpiece of the author, and through them we are able to realize Medeas character and are capable of fleshing her out. At the beginning of the play the chorus tend to provide constant descriptions of Medeas situation. For example on page 21, I heard that voice, I heard that unhappy woman from Cholcis still crying not calm yet and this carries in separate parts until we reach page 32, where this situation meets a turning point that brings it from unwanted grief to furious anger, The fiercest anger of all the most incurable, is that which rages in the place of dearest love. This also provides us with reference to how Medeas barbaric characteristic tends to turn anguish and grief into mere revenge and violence. We notice how Medes barbarism reaches its optimum point when she decides to kill her sons and this is shown on page 42 where the chorus end up saying But to kill your own children! Can you steel your heart? This is where we finally grasp the idea of the degree Medeas barbaric acts come to the utmost limits where she decides to kill her own blood in return for pain on others. In conclusion, we could some up Medeas character to begin cunning yet barbaric, she is also ruled by her emotions and lets them take the best of her and for that reason she is driven by them into fury and rage. We also notice that she is loyal to those who are loyal to her, and this is proven at the beginning of the play when we are introduced to the way she killed a king and escaped from her homeland to live with Jason in harmony. But I do tend to sympathies with her for as she has been conned and cheated upon in one of the most powerful ways, the ways that could drive a sain person out of his wits.

Push And Pull Factor In Tourism Tourism Essay Essay Example

Push And Pull Factor In Tourism Tourism Essay Paper Push / Pull factor in Tourism Introduction Modern touristry has become one of the strongest and most singular phenomena of the clip. To detect its true nature, one must try to understand how the assorted constituents are connected to each other, and what are the causes and effects, the speculations and the worlds. One must first hold on the workings of the mechanism before he can find the agencies of commanding, altering, and bettering it. But the connexions are discernable if one limits himself to a narrow, sector-based position ( Krippendorf, 1987 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Push And Pull Factor In Tourism Tourism Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Push And Pull Factor In Tourism Tourism Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Push And Pull Factor In Tourism Tourism Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The greatest ground for travel can be summed up in one work, â€Å"Escape† , flight from the dull, day-to-day modus operandi ; escape from the familiar, the common topographic point, the ordinary ; flight from the occupation, the foreman, the client, the commutation, the house the lawn, the leaky spigots. The benefits of touristry can be broad ranging, widening to benefits to the economic system, societal life for people populating in finishs every bit good as personal benefits to tourist ( UNWTO 1999 ; Bureau International du Tourisme Sociale ( BITS ) 2006 ) . These touristry benefits have been found to include: remainder and convalescence from work ; proviso of new experiences ladling to a widening of skylines and the chance for larning and intercultural communicating ; publicity of peace and apprehension ; personal and societal development ; sing friends and relations ; spiritual pilgrims journey and wellness ( Dann, 1977 ) . Push / Pull Factor Although a universally agree-upon conceptualisation of the tourer motive concept is still missing ( Fodness, 1994 ) , the push/pull theoretical account is accepted by many research workers ( Dann, 1977 ; 1981 ; Crompton, 1979 ; Zhang and Lam, 1999 ; Jang and Cai, 2002 ; Hsu and Lam, 2003 ) . Push factors are defined as internal motivations or forces that cause tourers to seek activities to cut down their demands, while pull factors are finish generated forces and the cognition that tourists hold about a finish ( Gnoth, 1997 ) . Most push factors are instrinsic incentives, such as the desire for flight, remainder and relaxation, prestigiousness, wellness and fittingness, escapade and societal interaction. Pull factors emerge due to the attraction of a finish, including beaches, diversion installations and cultural attractive forces ( Uysal and Jurowski, 1994 ) . Traditionally, push factors are considered of import in originating travel desire, while pull factors are considered more de cisive in explicating finish pick ( Crompton, 1979, Bello and Etzel, 1985 ) . Crompton ( 1979 ) identifies two bunchs of motivations among pleasance vacationists, viz. socio-psychological motivations and cultural motivations. Nine motivations were generated based on an analysis of 39 unstructured interviews. the seven socio-psychological motivations are ; flight from a perceived mundane environment, geographic expedition and rating of ego, relaxation, prestigiousness, arrested development, sweetening of kinship relationships and facilitation of societal interaction ; those classified as cultural motivations are novelty and instruction. Although non expressed, Crompton hopes to associate these motivations to force and draw factors by reasoning that push factors for a holiday are socio-psychological motivations, while pull factors are cultural motivations. Similarly, Dann ( 1977 ) builds his theory based on two conceptualisations: anomy and eo-enhancement. By taking a sociological attack to tourist motive, Dann identifies anomy and ego-enhancement as two of import travel motivations. He farther argues that both motivations are ‘push factors. Anomie represents the desire to exceed the feeling of isolation obtained in mundane life, where the tourer merely wishes to ‘get off from it all . On the other manus, ego-enhancement derives from the degree of personal demands. Merely as in the demand for societal interaction people wish to be recognized. The demand to hold one s self-importance enhanced or boosted is correspondent to the desire for a ‘bodily warm-up . Dann ( 1977 ) distinguishes the features of alienated tourers and ego-enhancement tourers. The alienated tourers are typically immature, married, male, above-average socio-economic position, from little towns and rural countries, and repetition visitants. Ego-enhancement tourers represent the opposite terminal of spectrum. This group is more likely female, first-time visitants, from lower socio-economic strata and older than alienated tourers. Dann favours ‘push factors, and argues that an scrutiny of ‘push factors is logically, and frequently temporally, an ancestor to ‘pull factors. Furthermore, he argues that the inquiry of ‘what makes tourers travel can merely associate to the ‘push factors, as this inquiry is barren of finish or value content demands of ‘pull factors. While Dann admits that both the anomy and ego-enhancement constructs stem from ‘push factors, he does non see the relationship between these two constructs as dichotomous. Alternatively, he constructs his theoretical model as a continuum, with anomie and ego-enhancement as the polar co-ordinates. The pull factors are active athleticss environment, alone natural environment, safety, sunlight, inexpensiveness, cultural activities, amusement, sightseeing, local civilization, different civilization and culinary art and singularity of little towns/villages/mountains. From the above descriptions of anomy and ego-enhancement, it should be clear that non merely does go stand for the fulfillment of certain basic demands in the possible tourers, but that in so making it offers him an alternate universe to that in which he daily lives. It can be argued, for case, that in the humdrum of suburban area, the faceless metropolis or the public small town, life merely becomes tolerable with the idea that there are opportunities of periodic flight from such an being, and that travel provides the ideal mercantile establishments. Tourist Motivation Human society, one time so sedentary, has begun to travel. Today a hurried mobility has obsessed most of the dwellers of the industrialised states. One seizes every chance to liberate oneself. To get away the ennui of mundane life every bit frequently as possible: short excursions during the hebdomad or week-end, long trips during holidaies. Cipher wants anything more fierily for their old age than a secondary abode. Above all, one does non desire to remain home but to acquire off at any monetary value ( Krippendorf, 1987 ) . The topic of tourer motive involves inquiries about why people travel. However, placing clearly the relationships between an person s motives and choice of a finish is a hard undertaking. Krippendorf ( 1987 ) , for case, identified a figure of tourer motives, including: Convalescence and regeneration ; Compensation and societal integrating ; Escape ; Communication ; Broadening the head ; Freedom and self-government ; Self-fulfillment ; Happiness. Jointly, these motives reflect that ‘the traveler is a mixture of many features that can non be merely assigned into this class or that one ( Krippendorf, 1987: 28 ) . He furthers provinces that, adult male spends portion of his leisure clip in nomadic leisure activities, that is in travel, which opens a window to the universe of the ordinary. This going or flight is typified and conditioned by specific influences, motives, and outlooks. The intents of travel constitute the polar antonym of day-to-day life: they represent the non-ordinary. In this context, it is particularly interesting to analyze the behavior and experiences of travelers, the fortunes and environment of the people visited ( the hosts ) , and the brushs between travelers and other travelers, particularly between travelers and hosts. The system of work home ground leisure travel is enclosed in a big model and influenced by the force which governs it. One can separate four major spheres of these forces, which are connected to each other by legion interactions: society with its value system ( sociocultural subsystem ) ; the economic system and its construction ( economic subsystem ) ; the environment and its resources ( ecological subsystem ) ; the authorities and its policies ( political subsystem ) ( Rotach, Mauch, and Gueller 1982: 35ff ) . Krippendorf believes that the chief motivation for touristry is to get away from something that we feel is incorrect in our day-to-day lives. In today s extremely technological universe we feel trapped in modus operandis and committednesss over which we have no control, says Krippendorf. Presents, the demand to go is above wholly created by society and marked by the ordinary. Peoples leave because they no longer experience at easiness where they are, where they work, and where they live. They feel an pressing demand to free themselves temporarily of the loads imposed by the mundane work, place and leisure scenes, in order to be in a fit province, to pick the load up once more. Their work is more and more mechanized, bureaucratized, and determined without respect to their wants. Deep inside, they feel the humdrum of the ordinary, the cold reason of mills, offices, flat edifices, and the main road substructure, the poverty of human contact, the repression of feelings, the debasement of nature, and the loss of nature ( Krippendorf, 1987 ) . Kripendorf high spots, besides the motive, the society has at the same time furnished to its members the agencies of transporting out this flight: money, in the signifier of higher income ; and clip, thanks to more and more limited work agendas. But most of import of all, industry has developed the true premier mover of nomadic society. The auto and, to a lesser extent, the aeroplane have ushered in the nomadic leisure revolution and have brought it to today s province in barely two decennaries and at an astonishing velocity. The society makes available the diversion industry, which plays in a sense the function of friend and adviser. This industry has taken over free clip. It provides non merely assorted sorts of satisfaction, but besides creates, if necessary, the corresponding wants and desires ( Traitler 1971: 28 ) . Many plants to a big extent, in order to be able to take holidaies, and he needs holidaies to be able to travel back to work ( Krippendorf, 1987 ) . The work moral principle has allowed many accomplishments: particularly the much hoped for material wellbeing, the riddance ( or about so ) of poorness, and the reduced work hebdomad. But following to this undeniable advancement, the moral principle has besides brought major jobs which weigh more and more to a great extent in the graduated tables and which are felt by a turning figure of people: the loss of intending in one s occupation ( as a effect of mass production and of the utmost division of labor ) , an of all time decreasing satisfaction with work and with life ( Yankelovich, 1978 ; Noelle-Neumann 1983 ) , the stiff and changeless organisation of clip, the phenomena of emphasis and ennui and the turning â€Å"medicalization† of lives ( Isopublic 1982 ; Opaschowski, 1983 ) , and most particularly, the addition in unemployment ( Kenward, 1983 ) . Social Tourism The benefits of engagement have prompted many authoritiess to advance entree to leisure travel as positive societal and economic activities. However, authorities commissariats to guarantee equality of entree to touristry are non cosmopolitan runing from silent support to direct investing in the proviso of services in the signifier of societal touristry ( European Commission 2001 ) . In Europe active support for societal touristry can be traced back to the Christian motion in France and Switzerland, the early young person motions in Germany and workers educational collectives. However, there are political, cultural and moral dimensions to the arguments based on different positions on the ideological and cardinal function of the province in the proviso of vacation services that has resulted in diverse proviso of vacation services that has resulted in diverse proviso of entree to touristry chances. In the UK for illustration, the European theoretical account has non been followed and there is concern about an ‘over-work civilization ( Bunting 2004 ) . Similarly, the US has witnessed both long-run eroding in leisure clip and a leaning for shorter vacations ( Schor, 1991 ) whilst in Japan, vacation clip has traditionally been even more scaring ( Richards 1999 ) . Therefore cultural attitudes towards holidaymaking could impact political support for societal touristry as a policy tool. Social touristry can be described as â€Å"the relationships and phenomena in the field of touristry ensuing from engagement in travel by economically weak or otherwise deprived elements of society† ( Hunzinger, â€Å"Social touristry, its nature and jobs, † quoted in ETB and TUC 1976, 5 ) . It involves the proviso of holidaies for people who can afford them merely with the assistance of a 3rd party. Although the purpose of societal touristry is Unitarian in philosophy-to extend the benefits of holidaies to a broader section of society-it is expressed in a assortment of signifiers. Trade brotherhoods in industrialised states have long sought and won paid holiday clip for their members, and by illustration, have won similar rights for most industrial and service workers. In Europe and Japan some companies help, pay for a significant part of holiday costs. Most workers in West Germany receive Urlaubsgeld ( holiday money ) , a fillip that cna equal 45 per cent of their regular holiday wage. In France, the state-owned Renault Company contributes to the operation of 30 household holiday small towns for its workers ( Time 1981 ) . Social bureaus such as the YMCA, Boy scouts, and church groups support many summer cantonments which offer subsidised holidaies to the immature, hapless or handicapped. In the United States there is grounds of â€Å"social tourism† with a turn, harmonizing to Lundberg ( 1976, 170 ) . He notes that societal touristry is designed to subsidise holidaies or installations for the on the job category, but points out that recent resort development in certain province Parkss is truly societal touristry for the in-between category. These resort park undertakings offer state nine quality and scenes at a subsidised monetary value, and have proved to be really popular attractive forces. In recent old ages at that place has been a re-emergence of research on issues related to societal justness and public assistance issues in touristry ( Higgins-Desboilles 2006 ; Hall and Brown 1996, 2006 ) including the concpt of societal touristry. Haulot ( 1982 ) defines societal touristry as a ‘the entirety of dealingss and phenomena deducing from the engagement of those societal group with modest incomes-participation which is made possible or facilitated by steps of a chiseled societal character ( 40 ) . Although there are diverse readings of what constitutes societal touristry and how it can be implemented, Minnaert, Maitland and Miller ( 2007 ) differentiate between visitor-and host-related signifiers of societal touristry. The literature associating societal touristry to societal public assistance issues from a societal policy position is limited ( Minnaert, Maitland and Miller 2009 ) . Social touristry in the UK is mostly dependent on the charities sector, although there are a few surveies on the construction and organisation of support ( Local Government Association 2001 ) . The societal policy literature has given limited consideration to the issue of tourisms function in current arguments despite a one-wee vacation being included in the indexs of exclusion for some clip ( Hazel 2005 ) and touristry being progressively perceived as a societal ‘right ( Richards 1998 ) . The UK has non adopted the European theoretical account of policy proviso on societal touristry such as the World Tourism Organization ( 1980 ) . In the UK the largest factor for non-participation in a vacation was affordability ( Corlyon and La Placa, 2006 ) . In 2006-07 there were 2.9 million kids populating in income poorness in the UK, a figure which rose by 100,000 for the 2nd twelvemonth running ( Department for work and Pensions 2008 ; see besides Palmer, Carr and Kenway 2005 ) . The chief societal groups who are most at hazard from societal exclusion from touristry include those who are: handicapped ; ailment ; older ; at fright of persecution or other hazard factors ; enduring from poorness ; deficiency clip due to work or caring committednesss, cultural minority groups. Further, it is non clear how non-participation in touristry may impact upon the costs of wellness and societal attention proviso ( ODPM 2005 ) . Harmonizing to McCabe, holiday infinite does non incorporate referents to household jobs, and it is free of negative associations, emphasis and barriers to fresh experiences. The vacation offers people a opportunity to populate otherwise, separately and as a household, leting a alteration in modus operandis, to seek new activities and experiences, for kids to see freedom, and to populate at a different gait of life. Furthermore, holidays provided chances for positive and active behaviors in relation to feature and exert, positive diversion as opposed to inactive leisure signifiers, and issues which has been highlighted by Roberts in relation to leisure ingestion and societal exclusion ( 2004 ) . Further McCabe provinces, that, analysis of the application signifiers indicates that people are really frequently cognizant of the jobs and issues which they face in their lives which can frequently take to a sense of guilt. Given the chance of clip and infinite off from the place environment, people have the opportunity to actively work out their ain issues without the intercession from others. They have a opportunity to construct or mend relationships and recover from past troubles and an chance to reevaluate issue and face the hereafter in a positive manner. Decision Travel motive surveies attempt to reply the inquiry ‘why people travel or ‘why people visit a peculiar finish because the implicit in premise is that motive is one of the drive forces of behavior. Understanding specific tourer motives and/or the nature of travel motive can assist finish directors and sellers do a better occupation of product/service planning, selling communicating and visitant attractive force and keeping. Travel motive is a psychological concept which holds a multidimensional implicit in construction. Peoples travel to assorted topographic points to run into different demands. Persons travel motives are influenced by their civilization, background and old experience. Of the motivational forces, pull factors are finish properties, which are under a great trade of control of the finishs. All the three writers talk about the push / pull factor of touristry but in different construct, Dann focuses on anomy and ego-enhancement, whereas Krippendorf negotiations about working category people necessitating to take vacation, with McCabe it is about societal touristry for the people who are excluded from the society and can non afford vacation. Each writer explains the same in different ways and logic. Mentions: Bello, D. C. And Etzel, M. J. ( 1985 ) The rate of freshness in pleasance travel experiences. Journal of Travel Research 24 ( 1 ) , 20-26. Bunting, M. ( 2004 ) , ‘Willing Slaves : How the Overwork Culture is Governing Our Lifes. London: Harper Collins. Corlyon, J. , and La Placa, V. , ( 2006 ) Holidays for Families in Need: Policies and Practice in the UK. London: Policy Research Bureau. Crompton, J. ( 1979 ) Motivations for pleasance holiday. Annalss of Tourism Research 6 ( 4 ) , 408-424. Dann, G. ( 1977 ) , Anomie, ego-enhamcement and touristry. Annalss of Tourism Research 4 ( 4 ) , 184-194. Dann, G. , ( 1981 ) , Tourist motive: An assessment, Annals of Tourism Research 8 ( 2 ) , 187-219. Department for Work and Pensions ( 2008 ) Households Below Average Income: An Analysis of the Income Distribution 1994 / 95 -2006 /0. HMSO. European Commission, ( 2001 ) , Report of the Results of the Tourism for all Investigation. Brussels: European Commission. Fodness, D. , ( 1994 ) , Measuring tourer motive. Annalss of Tourism Research 21 ( 3 ) , 555-581. Gnoth, J. , ( 1997 ) , Tourism motive and outlook formation. Annalss of Tourism Research 24 ( 2 ) , 283-304. Hall, D. , and Brown, F. , ( 1996 ) Towards a Welfare Focus for Tourism Research. Advancement in Tourism and Hospitality Research 2:41-57. Hall, D. , and Brown, F. , ( 2006 ) Tourism and Social welfare: Ethical motives, Responsibility and Sustainable Well-being. Wallingford: CABI. Haulot, A. , ( 1982 ) Social Toursim: Current Dimensions of Future Developments. Journal of Travel Research 20:40. Hazel, N. ( 2005 ) Holidays for Children and Families in Need: An Exploration of the Research and Policy Context for Social Tourism in the UK. Children A ; Society 19:225-236. Higgins-Desboilles, F. ( 2006 ) , More than an â€Å"Industry† : The Forgotten Power of Tourism as a Social Force. Tourism Management 27: 1192-1208. Hsu, C.H.C. , and Lam, T. , ( 2003 ) , Mainland Chinese travelers motives and barriers of sing Hong Kong. Journal of Academy of Business and Economics 2 ( 1 ) , 60-67. Isopublic Umfrage, ( 1982 ) , Le Suisse et lupus erythematosus parturiency. Zuerich: Institut fur Markt-und meinungsforschung. Jang, S.C. and Cai, L.A. , ( 2002 ) , Travel motives and finish pick: a survey of British outbound market. Journal of Travel A ; Tourism Marketing 13 ( 3 ) , 111-133. Kenward, L. ( 1983 ) , Arbeitslosigkeit in den grossen Industrielaendern. In Finanzierung und Entwicklung 2:24 38. Hamburg: HWWA-Institut. Krippendorf, J. ( 1987 ) , The Holidaymakers. Understanding the Impact of Leisure and Travel. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. Local Government Association ( 2001 ) Tourism as a Tool for Social Inclusion. London: LGA. McCabe, S. ( 2009 ) Who needs a vacation? Measuring societal touristry, Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. 36, No. 4, pp. 667-688, 2009. Minnaert, L. , R. Maitland, and G. Miller ( 2007 ) Social Tourism and its Ethical Foundations. Tourism Culture A ; Communicaton 7:7-17. Minnaert, L. , R. Maitland, and G. Miller ( 2009 ) Tourism and Social Policy: The Value of Social Tourism. Annalss of Tourism Research 36 ( 2 ) : 316-334. Noelle-Neumann, E. ( 1983 ) , Freude, Feiheitsgefuehl und Produktivitaet. In Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung 111:13. Frankfort: Frakfurter Allgemeinc Verlag. Opaschowski, H. W. , ( 1983 ) , Freizeit: Zur Langeweile verurteilt. In Animation 1:2-7. Hanover: Vincentz. OPDM ( 2005 ) Inclusion Through Innovation: Undertaking Social Exclusion through New Technologies. London: Office of the Deputy Prime Minister. Richards, G. ( 1998 ) clip for a Holiday? Social Rights and International touristry Consumption. Time and Society 7 ( 1 ) : 145-160. Richards, G. ( 1999 ) , Vacations and the Quality of Life: Forms and Structures. Journal of Business Research 44: 189-198. Rotach, M. S. Mauch, and P. Gueller, explosive detection systems, ( 1982 ) , Szenarien kuenftiger Entwicklungen. Bern: Programmletiung NFP â€Å"Regional Probleme.† Schor, J. ( 1991 ) , The Overworked American: The Unexpected Decline in Leisure. New York: Basic Books. Traitler, R. ( 1971 ) , Der manipulierte Tourist. In Der Ueberblick 3:28-29. Stuttgart: Arbeitsgemeinschaft evang. Kirchen in Deutschland. Uysal, M. , and Jurowski, C. , ( 1994 ) , Testing the push and pull factors. Annalss of Tourism Research 21 ( 4 ) , 844-846. World Tourism Organization ( WTO ) ( 1999 ) Global codification of Ethical motives for Tourism. Yankelovich, D. ( 1978 ) , Wer hat noch Lust Zu arbeiten? In Psychologie heute 5:14 -21. Weinheim: Beltz. Zhang, H. , and Lam, T. , ( 1999 ) , an analysis of mainland Chinese visitants motives to Hong Kong. Tourism Management 20 ( 5 ) , 587-594.

Gullivers Travels Essays - Gullivers Travels, Houyhnhnm, Gulliver

Gullivers Travels Essays - Gullivers Travels, Houyhnhnm, Gulliver Gullivers Travels At first Gullivers travels comes off as a fantasy/adventure, but in actuality its a satirical commentary on society in Johnathan Swift. It starts off with Gulliver talking about himself. Later he gets shipwrecked and ends up in Lilliput, where the people are 6 inches tall. At first they think Gulliver is an enemy, but then realize he is no threat. He is taken to the palace and housed in a cursed temple. Gulliver is amazed at how silly the governments rules are, for example to gain entry to the court the candidates must petition to the emperor. After the emperor gets 5 or 6 petitions he sets up a competition in which the candidates must do the Dance on the Rope, whoever jumps the highest without falling gets the job. The Lilliputians employ Gulliver to help in their war against Blefuscudians, but he refuses and that is the beginning of his downfall. He then gets transported to Brobdingnag, where the people are 60 ft. tall. At first they think Gulliver is an animal of some sort, but when they realize he can communicate they house him with a farmer. This place is very different than Lilliput, the king is appalled when Gulliver tells him about England, and asks why the people are so vicious and mean. However Gulliver feels like a freak there, and one day while he was out with the king and queen, an eagle swoops down and carries him off to drop him in the sea. Some sailors then rescue him. But yet again there is a shipwreck, and he finds himself in a world inhabited by Houyhnhnms, a creature that looks like a horse, yet has an amazing intellect. The Houyhnhnms are amazed that Gulliver is intelligent and take him in. Later Gulliver realizes why they are amazed; the only humans in that land are savage and stupid. Swifts writing style reflects what he thinks of the characters or actions, without telling the reader outright. Also keep in mind that this is a social commentary, in a satirical view, of the times that Swift lived in. The Lilliputians are supposed to symbolize the Whigs, and Swift thinks of them as stupid and power-hungry. He demonstrates this when they search Gulliver for weapons. In Swifts time the Whigs searched the Tories for evidence of their connections with England. He also makes fun of the thinking at the time; the Lilliputians were discriminated against whether they wore either high heels or low heels, and the ones that tried to remain neutral worse one high heel and one low heel. At the end of the book Swift demonstrates his thought on humans, when all the humans were savage and stupid, while the animals were brilliant. I believe that Swift demonstrates all his points very well. The reader is transported to the story, yet unlike most books, Swift doesnt tell the reader exactly what to think, he insinuates it but lets the reader come to his own conclusions.

Organizational changes in Management Accounting Essay

Organizational changes in Management Accounting - Essay Example Kaplan (1984) remarks; "Despite considerable change in the nature of organizations and the dimensions of competition during the past 60 years, there has been little innovation in the design and implementation of cost accounting and management control systems." In spite of important changes taking place in the quality and operations of organisations, the techniques adopted by companies and those mentioned in text books of management accounting date back to 1925. Thus Kaplan and many other scholars, encourage researchers to develop the subject of managerial accounting by conducting research and case studies. They state that "to describe and document the innovative practices that seem to work for successful companies" more and more research work and case studies have to be taken up. Following Kaplan and others call for research work and case studies a plethora of novel procedures in management accounting found its way into the field. A few of such new techniques were Just-in-Time (JIT), activity-based costing (ABC), and total quality management (TQM) which were accepted. According to Wendy L. Currie (1999) the objective he states is to incorporate into a single framework a number of factors that tempt the function of management accounting techniques in organisations using cases or degrees of organisational alterations categorised by N. Venkataraman. N. N. Venkataraman (1994) remarks that "The underlying goal for the framework is designed to reveal the distinctiveness of each technique in the organisational change context. Specifically, is there a systematic approach to applying change techniques and anticipating issues we may encounter in the change process" This paper examines the thesis statement which is; "Is this the hour to critically evaluate and reconcile the need for new management accounting techniques in the 21st Century with the compelling case for understanding and applying aspects of management accounting that have been taught traditionally" (Anthony, R, 1965) Formulating the theoretical account Thomas Walther, et al, (1997), remarks that the new environment which is produced by the authority of computing and the dislodgment of conventional accounting tasks, companies are counting on their financial specialists to "act as business partners with operations managers" by furnishing information to back up decision making. Christopher D. et al (1997 a, and 1997 b) states thus; "Accountants are increasingly involved in strategic management through the development and implementation of new accounting models integrating financial and non financial information". If the essence of the techniques intersects, accountants must clarify these intersecting areas to demonstrate how they may enforce to patronise different strategic intentions. Factors which call for changes in Management Accounting Internal organisational elements like organisational structure and culture, determine change and the execution of management accounting methods. But still sometimes these factors are not considered while implementing management accounting techniques. According to Jerold L. Zimmerman, (2001): "Total quality management, reengineering, activity-based costing, the theory of constraints, value chain management, just-in-time, and the balanced scorecard all assume that agents will enthusiastically adopt the new approach because it promises to maximize firm value." J. H. Waterhouse and Peter Tiessen (1978)

Challenge that Faces Positive Marketing of Healthy Behaviour Essay

Challenge that Faces Positive Marketing of Healthy Behaviour - Essay Example Most consumer items such as cigarette have side effects, which are supposed to be clearly indicated on their packaging. In most countries, advertisements or any marketing information of such commodities should be accompanied by any side effects (Bond, 1993). The main challenge of such advertisements is the message that promotes the product. For instance, cigarette advertisement uses healthy and successful people to show the positive side of smoking. In most cases, the advertisements use public icons such as musicians and sport men to advertise cigarettes. It is difficult to convince the audience of such information that cigarette smoking or junky foods are harmful to their health. The other challenge facing positive advertisements is lack of uncertainty in the message. For instance, a typical message against tobacco smoking will contain information such as cigarette smoking is harmful to your health, smoking can cause lung cancer and cigarette smoking increase anxiety. Such messages lack certainty and hence they are open to different forms of challenges (Rokeach, 1973). Firstly, the message stating that cigarette smoking is harmful to the health of a smoker fails to state the extent to which smoking is harmful. In addition, adequate studies have not been conducted to establish the extent to which these health problems are related to smoking. ... Cigarette ads should state that smoking a certain number of sticks per day increases the risk of developing cancer by a certain proportion. The other challenge facing positive advertisement is the attitude that people have towards negative behaviours. People associate these negative behaviours with lifestyles. For instance, smoking is associated with leisure while junk foods are associated with busy or wealthy people. It is difficult to change the mentality that people have on these commodities through positive advertisement messages. For instance telling parents to stop feeding their children with junk foods seems to lower their social status. On the other hand telling people to stop smoking is similar to telling them to stop associating themselves with a certain class of friends. People always oppose such information since it does not contribute to their social well-being. Advertisements that target negative behaviours and certain commodities such as cigarettes and fast foods tend to criminalize the commodities or behaviour (Rokeach, 1973). In addition, the ads portray the negative sides of the commodities or behaviours. People always oppose information that warns them against certain action. In addition, people always want to experiment with things that have been declared harmful. For instance, people want to experiment the negativities of cigarette smoking. The main reason why cigarette smoking has not been banned in most countries is that making the commodity illegal will make it more attractive (Bond, 1993). This is similar to hard drug such as cocaine and marijuana. Due to the illegal status of these drugs, people always use them as a way of showing their defiance towards the

Japanese traditional game

Japanese traditional game Japanese traditional game Introduction Given the task to innovate a Japanese traditional game, we decided to use the Two Ten Jack and create our very own which is much simpler to be played. It uses part of the Uno cards and also a board with numbers to be placed with a bet. In order to continuously win the prizes, we construct the game to be in ways that a player must place a bet that is either same number, or same color that is the taken out from the deck of cards played with. The Two Ten Jack game is played without the dealer and with points deducted and added which in the end, the player with the highest points balance. The next page would be the manual to the game and after that would be the manual to the Two Ten Jack game. Furthermore, a comparison would be made to show the innovation of our game being born. The Game Manual for the Two Ten Jack Preliminaries The object of two-ten-jack is to get the most points by taking tricks containing positive point cards while avoiding tricks containing negative point cards. Two players receive six cards each from a standard 52-card deck ranking0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 and the remaining undealt cards are placed between the players to form the stock. Non-dealer leads the firsttrick and winner of each trick leads to the next. Players replenish their hands between tricks by each drawing a card from the stock with the winner of the last trick drawing first. Play continues until all of the cards in the entire deck have been played. Points are then tallied before the deck is reshuffled and dealt anew. Following, Trumping, and Speculation In two-ten-jack a player may lead any card and the other player must play a card of the same suit if able, or otherwise must play atrump cardif able. If a player has neither cards in the lead suit or trump, then any other card may be played. The highest trump card, or the highest card of the lead suit if no trumps were played, takes the trick In two-ten-jack hearts are always thetrump suit and theace of spadesis a special trump card known asspeculationranking above all of the hearts. Rules for playing speculation are as follows: If a trump (heart) is lead, a player may follow with speculation and must play speculation if no other trumps are held in the hand. If a spade is lead, a player may follow with speculation and must likewise play speculation if no other spades are held in the hand. If a club or diamond is lead and the other player has neither of these, speculation may be played, and must be played if no other trumps are available. A player leading speculation must declare it as either a spade or trump. Scoring and winning Cards are worth the following point values: 2â™ ¥, 10â™ ¥and Jâ™ ¥are worth +5 each 2â™ £, 10â™ £ and Jâ™ £ are worth -5 each 2â™  , 10â™  , Jâ™   and Aâ™   are worth +1 each 6â™ ¦is worth +1 point Hence the total number of card points per deal is +5. Winner is the first player to reach 31 points. Game Manual The number of players required to play this game is one to two players and maximum five players each round Start by placing a single bet. Each bet is place on a number between zero to nine and four different colors Each time six cards would be pulled out from the deck The bet is counted with sweets. Each sweet cost RM1. Each player starts with a sweet The bet with the same color out of the 6 cards drawn will get his money The bet with the same number out of the 6 cards drawn will get win 5 sweet. The bet without same color or same number out of the 6 cards loses 1 sweet. The bet with the same color and same number walks away with Rm50 The bet with same color and same number and also another same number but different color in the six card drawn from the deck walks away with Rm100 Game Rules A player can only place one bet to a number and color per round. Not more than 1 player can bet at a same number and color in each round. A player has to verify his/her choice of bet before the opening of the six cards from the deck. Comparison The amount of cards used in Two Ten Jack is 52 while the game we have created uses 40. Also, the Two Ten Jack is played between players while the game we have created uses a dealer. Besides that, the Two Ten Jack is played with a system of addition and subtraction while we tried to make it compatible by placing bets instead of tricking the other players. Furthermore, the game we have created has been added with little elements of western card game like 21.

Free College Essays - The Strength of the Characters in A Raisin in the Sun :: A Raisin in the Sun

The Strength of the Characters in A Raisin in the Sun In A Raisin in the Sun, Lorraine Hansberry paints an impressive group portrait of the Youngers, a family composed of powerful characters who are yet in many ways typical in their dreams and frustrations. There is Lena, or Mama, the widowed mother; her daughter Beneatha, a medical student; Beneatha's brother Walter, a struggling chauffeur; and Walter's wife, Ruth, and their young son. Crammed together in an airless apartment, the family dreams of better days. The character Beneatha knows much about her African past. Mama is very proud of her African heritage and believing it's importance. During the stage directing of the play Lena has the "noble bearings of the women of the heroes of the Southwest Africa , but she totally ignores her African past and does not care much about it either" (Cheney 59). Asagai Beneatha's acquaintance talks allot about his African past and believes deeply in his culture and heritage. He is from Nigeria where there is a lot of poverty.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A Raisin in the Sun is a quiet celebration of the black   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   family the importance of African roots, the equality of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   women, the vulnerability of marriage, the true value of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   money, the survival of the individual and the nature of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   mans dreams (Cheney 55). Africa is a great part of the play because it brings out good and humorous elements in the Younger family, such as Walter yelling out "Hot Damn!" "Flaming Spear!" as Beneatha walks out in her Nigerian robes (Cheney 60). Africa becomes a symbol of heritage and a troublesome but hopeful future (Cheney 56).   Ã‚  Ã‚   With the help of Paul Robeson, W.E.B Dubois and Frederick Douglass she created the play A Raisin in the Sun. Paul Robeson was a famous baritone singer. He inspired her to write A Raisin in the Sun. She loved his voice and the songs he sang. Hansberry learned from him "...the way that most blacks lived, and the dangers of being an artist" (Cheney 45-46). W.E.B Dubois was an original thinker and a sociologist. Hansberry "...gained admiration for black intellectual, socialism, and black leadership" (Cheney 40). Frederick Douglass was a another writer. Hansberry learned about slavery and its psychology. She also learned a "...invaluable lesson that the sufferings of a people may be presented truthfully in ways that rise above propaganda to the level of art" (Cheney 36-37). Free College Essays - The Strength of the Characters in A Raisin in the Sun :: A Raisin in the Sun The Strength of the Characters in A Raisin in the Sun In A Raisin in the Sun, Lorraine Hansberry paints an impressive group portrait of the Youngers, a family composed of powerful characters who are yet in many ways typical in their dreams and frustrations. There is Lena, or Mama, the widowed mother; her daughter Beneatha, a medical student; Beneatha's brother Walter, a struggling chauffeur; and Walter's wife, Ruth, and their young son. Crammed together in an airless apartment, the family dreams of better days. The character Beneatha knows much about her African past. Mama is very proud of her African heritage and believing it's importance. During the stage directing of the play Lena has the "noble bearings of the women of the heroes of the Southwest Africa , but she totally ignores her African past and does not care much about it either" (Cheney 59). Asagai Beneatha's acquaintance talks allot about his African past and believes deeply in his culture and heritage. He is from Nigeria where there is a lot of poverty.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A Raisin in the Sun is a quiet celebration of the black   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   family the importance of African roots, the equality of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   women, the vulnerability of marriage, the true value of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   money, the survival of the individual and the nature of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   mans dreams (Cheney 55). Africa is a great part of the play because it brings out good and humorous elements in the Younger family, such as Walter yelling out "Hot Damn!" "Flaming Spear!" as Beneatha walks out in her Nigerian robes (Cheney 60). Africa becomes a symbol of heritage and a troublesome but hopeful future (Cheney 56).   Ã‚  Ã‚   With the help of Paul Robeson, W.E.B Dubois and Frederick Douglass she created the play A Raisin in the Sun. Paul Robeson was a famous baritone singer. He inspired her to write A Raisin in the Sun. She loved his voice and the songs he sang. Hansberry learned from him "...the way that most blacks lived, and the dangers of being an artist" (Cheney 45-46). W.E.B Dubois was an original thinker and a sociologist. Hansberry "...gained admiration for black intellectual, socialism, and black leadership" (Cheney 40). Frederick Douglass was a another writer. Hansberry learned about slavery and its psychology. She also learned a "...invaluable lesson that the sufferings of a people may be presented truthfully in ways that rise above propaganda to the level of art" (Cheney 36-37).

Fractional Distillation Essay

Abstract An equimolar mixture of cyclohexane and toluene was separated by simple and fractional distillation, using an empty column and a copper sponge column respectively. Using helium as the mobile phase, the distillate was analyzed through gas chromatography. The calculated HETP for the simple distillation was 8.274 cm/plate and the 3.332 cm/plate for the fractional distillation. Experimental Procedure A copper packed fractional-distillation column was obtained and an apparatus was assembled for fractional distillation. Four clean, dry fraction collectors were obtained and labeled HETP, fraction 1, fraction 2, and fraction 3 respectively. A volume of 40.0 mL of an equimolar mixture of cyclohexane and toluene was added to a 100.0-mL round bottom flask attached to the end of the distillation column. Heating chips were added to the round bottom flask in order to speed up the heating process. The 100.0-mL round bottom flask, along with the distillation column was attached to a ring stand over a heat source. The mixture was delicately heated to a boil. The first five drops were collected in the vial labeled HETP. The liquid for vial 1 began collecting when the temperature was 60 C and continued until it was 85 C. Vial 2 began collecting when the temperature was 86ï‚ °C and continued until it was 99 C. Vial 3 was collected at room temperature once the remaining liquid cooled. A volume of 1 micro-liter of each fraction, including the HEPT was added to the gas chromatography apparatus separately in order for each fraction to be analyzed. For simple distillation, the same procedure was followed using an empty, clean, and dry column. Data: Table 1: Simple Distillation Values VariablesHETPFraction 1Fraction 2Pot Residue Temp range,  °C-60-8586-100- Empty Vials & cap, g5.45316.84216.48216.842 Vial & contents, g5.57828.32330.21123.311 Mass of fraction, g0.12511.48113.7296.469 Area GC peak for Cy93.9461.2430.430 Relative mass Cy, g104.2767.97633.7770 % mass Cy93.3692.6349.550 Actual mass Cy, g0.116710.6356.8030 Actual moles Cy0.001390.126.08080 Area GC peak Tol6.684.8730.9874.33 Relative mass Tol, g7.0145.113532.52978.047 % mass Toluene6.647.3750.45100 Actual mass Tol, g0.008384.6156.9266.469 Actual moles Tol0.000090.91770.07510.0702 Table 2: Fractional Distillation Values (Copper Sponge Column) VariablesHETPFraction 1Fraction 2Pot Residue Temp range,  °C67-7071-8586-100- Empty Vials & cap, g5.30416.52815.73616.031 Vial & contents, g5.41227.14725.26026.200 Mass of fraction, g0.10810.6199.52410.169 Area GC peak for Cy49.4378.2240.000 Relative mass Cy, g54.86786.82444.40 % mass Cy99.588.7663.560 Actual mass Cy, g0.10759.4256.0530 Actual moles Cy0.00130.1120.06570 Area GC peak Tol0.19.9022.9457.86 Relative mass Tol, g0.10510.39524.08760.753 % mass Toluene0.511.2436.44100 Actual mass Tol, g0.00051.1943.47110.169 Actual moles Tol0.0000050.01290.03760.1103 Discussion The Northern Pines Chemical Company specializes in manufacturing chemicals from wood products such as turpentine. To obtain pure ÃŽ ±-pinene, it must be separated, using fractional distillation, from the other major component   turpentine, ÃŽ ²-pinene. This company would like to switch to a cheaper and longer-lasting packing material. The objective of this experiment was to separate an equimolar mixture of cyclohexane and toluene by simple and fractional distillation, using an empty column and a copper sponge column respectively. The distillate was analyzed through gas chromatography, using helium as the mobile phase. Helium is a good mobile phase because it acts as an unreactive carrier-gas that pushes the samples through the chromatogram. This information was used to determine which packing material is most effective by comparing HETP values which based on the number of theoretical plates each material provides. Using the copper sponge as packing material in the fractional distil lation column provided a very effective separation of cyclohexane and toluene. The calculated HETP for simple distillation was 8.274 cm/plate and 3.332 cm/plate for fractional distillation. The fractional distillation was more effective because it had a lower HETP value which means that it has a higher number of theoretical plates for the same column length as the simple distillation. When comparing the purity of the major cyclohexane-rich fraction with the starting mixture (the equimolar mixture of cyclohexane and toluene) of each distillation the packing material improved efficiency by more than six percent. One way to recover cyclohexane with even greater purity would be to heat the starting mixture slowly and steadily instead of rapidly, allowing better separation of the components. Another way to improve purity is to make sure the column is properly packed (not too tight) and insulated. Different packing materials will have diverse efficiency for distillation and therefore yield different HETP values. The most efficient packing material used was â€Å"rascing rings,† which provided an HETP of 2.67 cm/plate. The copper sponge material had an HETP value of 3.3 cm/plate, followed by glass beads and coiled copper with 7.5cm/plate and galvanized steel with 12.5 cm/plate. Packing the Northern Pines Chemical Company’s 3ft fractionating column with rascing rings would provide 34.2 plates, which meets the minimum requirement for separating ÃŽ ±- and ÃŽ ²-pinene. Exercises 1) HETP=height/plates Porcelain saddles: 5 cm= (15 cm )/(x )=3 plates Glass Tube: 15 cm= (15 cm )/x=1 plate Vigreux Column: 8 cm= (24 cm)/x=3 plates Total plates= 3+3+1-1(boiling flask) = 6 plates 2) The HETP value and efficiency of separation can be affected by experimental errors. A) If the HETP sample was collected midway through the distillation, the mole fraction of cyclohexane:toluene would be much lower, which would in turn yield a higher HETP value. B) If all of the liquid distilled within 5 minutes of heating, a higher HETP value would be found again because all of the toluene would be distilled as well. This also means poor separation. C) If two packed columns were stacked over the boiling flask instead of one, the HETP value remain the same if the columns were identical because the height and number of plates would be the same.

Daffynition Definition and Examples

Daffynition is an informal term for a playful reinterpretation of an existing word--usually a pun. The term daffynition (a blend of the words daffy and definition) was popularized by the panelists on the comedy program Im Sorry I Havent a Clue,  which has been  broadcast on  BBC Radio 4  and the  World Service since 1972. For the past 60 years, daffynitions have also appeared in the magazine Boys Life. See Examples and Observations below. Also see: DefinitionLogologyPunSnigletVerbal PlayWords at Play: An Introduction to Recreational Linguistics Examples and Observations Making up daffynitions (which are then collected in the Uxbridge English Dictionary) is a game played on the BBC Radio 4 comedy quiz show Im Sorry I Havent a Clue. Here are some examples from the program: antelope, to run off with your mother’s sisterboomerang, what you say to frighten a meringuebrouhaha, a jolly tea partyCarmelite, a half-hearted Buddhistcoffee, someone who is coughed uponcrackerjack, a device for lifting biscuitsdiphthong, to wash an undergarmentextent, formerly a canvas homefecund, the one before firdgladiator, an  unrepentant cannibalho-hum, the  sound made by a vibrating garden toolignorant, to  totally disregard an insectJihad, the cry of a Fundamentalist cowboykindred, fear of ones own familylocus, to curse quietlymaximum, a very large mothermelancholy, a strangely shaped dognegligent, a man who wears lingerieoasis, a poker players cry of delightpasteurize, too far to seeposthumous, the art of delivering Greek food by mailreincarnation, to be born again as a tin of condensed milkrelief, what trees do in springscandal, footwear you should be ashamed ofsentiment, the perfume he intended to buyshingle, Sean Connerys definition of a bachelortesticle, an amusing exam questiontrampoline, a cleansing fluid for trampsvigilante, a  very observant aunt.whisky, a  bit like a whiskzebra, the largest size of support garmentWileys DictionaryJohnny Hart, the creator of the comic strip B.C., has long been a master of the daffynition. Part of the prehistorically contemporary humor of B.C. are the installments that feature Wileys Dictionary: abomination, what a well-allocated nuclear arsenal should conist ofasset, a small donkeydetour, what you take to de museumhackneyed, why Joe Namath had to get out of football (Richard Lederer, Get Thee to a Punnery: An Anthology of Intentional Assaults Upon the English Language. Gibbs Smith, 2006)The Daffynition GamePlayers choose (or are given) words for which they have to make humorous definitions. Often the definitions will use a pun (as in boomerang: what you say to frighten a meringue or carrion: British comedy films) but sometimes they will be witty (as in alone: in bad company, or cannibal: someone who goes to a restaurant and orders the waiter.(Tony Augarde,  The Oxford A to Z of Word Games. Oxford University Press,1994)